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2012 Predictions

2012 Predictions

So every year I put my nostradamus hat on and make bets as to what will happen in the upcoming year. I’m like 65% correct over the last 5 years, I should be wagering money on this. So here are my bets for 2012

 

  1. Square will get bought out by Amex or Visa.
    Price will be in the $5B range. Dorsey will make sure it remains network agnostic (i.e. keeps accepting cards from the competitors).
  2. Facebook will IPO and break the recent tech IPO slump
    This makes sense because Facebook actually makes money, whereas sites like groupon and zynga aren’t anywhere near as profitable as they would have previously liked us to believe.
  3. LivingSocial catches up to Groupon
    I suspect LivingSocial’s more cautious approach to this market has left them in a much better financial situation relative to cash flow than Groupon, so they will use this to pull ahead. I do see the daily deal market stagnating though. So any lead changes will be due to non-daily-deal innovations they pull out of their hat. Think instant deals, and providing marketing services outside of deals to these small businesses they have.
  4. RIM sells to Microsoft for less than $5B
    Seeing an opportunity to instantly force-upgrade everyone on blackberry to Windows Phone 8 with built in MSN Messenger, Microsoft buys the pieces of RIM, and leverages their connections in the enterprise world to push Outlook and Exchange. I see this as another skype like deal, since they can use their foreign cash assets to buy RIM (seeing as RIM is Canadian).
  5. Amazon continues to grow its hardware business
    I see them releasing a kindle phone using android, and a larger Fire DX model. I expect them to ship 10-15M kindle devices in 2012. 20% of them being Fire models (android with color screens etc).
  6. Amazon will still survive despite states imposing sales taxes
    The sales tax savings will be gone to most consumers, but with Amazon pushing harder on Prime services, the convenience and lower prices will still be enough to shift consumers away from Big Box retail. Their growth will be slower than in previous years though.
  7. Mobile commerce explodes in US.
    Visa is making a HEAVY push for their retailers to upgrade to NFC equipped point of sale machines. Now the only component left is for the phone makers to integrate NFC into their devices en masse. This won’t happen until LATE 2012, expect it in the iPhone 5. However I do see tie ins with location + mobile + payments converging. Think paying for your meal by seeing the bill on your phone at your table, and hitting checkout. Question is who will be the network for that transaction or who will be the gateway. I could see Apple and Google fighting this one out. I don’t see NFC as the end solution, more the bridge solution in this. I do see the traditional point of sale device changing substantially (why do we still need cash registers? Apple retails have 1 per store yet sell on the floor more).
  8. Salesforce buys a number of social media integration companies
    My guess is Hootsuite will be bought by salesforce in the $30-40M range. I could also see them buying Klout in the $10-15M range.
  9. Facebook hits 1 billion users
    This number is less important than the active users, which will be in the 500M daily, and 500M on mobile (up from 350M mobile users now). The mobile is the key number, as that is where their growth will be in the next year or two. As of Dec 31, they were saying they had 800M users, with 50% active every day. No one else has the same reach on Mobile. 1 in 8 mobile phones in the world is accessing Facebook in some fashion at some point during the month. This is even more impressive when you consider the lack of reliable mobile data connectivity in much of the world. These are not all smart phones either, lots are simple feature phones.
  10. The world will not end in 2012.
    If the Mayans could predict the end of the world, how come they couldn’t predict the end of their own civilization? So if you truly believe the world is going to end, please put me in your will. I will happily spend your money after you’ve commited suicide or scared yourself to death in December.

So what do you think will happen in 2012?

2011 Predictions Recap

So I had some hits and some misses this year. I figure in the tradition of the last few years I’ll recap my guesses and also post tomorrow my predictions for the upcoming year.

1. Facebook growth slows, they hit 650M users by 4th quarter of 2011.
So I was a bit off on this. I was correct in slower growth, but they hit the 650M user mark in the 2nd quarter and were on their way past 750M mark by the 4th quarter. They however have been a bit more quiet this year when it comes to announcing user engagement figures.

2. WordPress ecosystem grows up
Totally wish this had really taken off, but still hasn’t. Things missing are a centralized app store, better monetization tools from Automattic, and better promotional tools for companies to monetize their apps/services. The market did grow though, there were a number of companies in the market place making 7 figures gross though. Sadly Infinimedia was not one of these (though our WordPress products are profitable, and we have more planned for 2012).

3. The first Youtube millionaire emerges
So this one is hard to track, but if you count Rebecca Black as a millionaire, from selling her tracks on itunes, and performing, then theoretically she is a YT millionaire, though I was hoping from purely YT generated cash. So I suspect there are a few who are close, who hit 500M views this year on their videos, but again, impossible to say.

4. Apple’s Mac App Store does $1B in gross sales.
Apple hasn’t released any conclusive data about this, and if they have, its buried in a line item somewhere in their annual report. I think the mac app store most likely DID do a $1b, but the volumes are way lower than iOS app store, and app price points are higher.

5. Apple gives away Lion for free or Less than $30
So they sold it for $29, so I hit the nail on the head here.

6. Twitter hits 200M users
I believe the official number is 250M users, but something along the lines of 80M Active. Another good bet by me.

7. Fox sells off Myspace for LESS than it bought it for
So Fox/News Corp sold Myspace for something along the lines of $35M if I recall correctly to Specific Media. This happened end of June. Since then, nothing has changed on Myspace, it is still a sinking ship. So I got this one right.

8.Groupon goes on a buying binge & hits $3B in gross sales.

So Groupon IPOd this year, hit close to $4.5B in gross sales, and did buy a few companies, though not as many as I would have liked. They didn’t buy as many companies as I expected them to, as they were short on cash due to their absurdly high burn rate. 
I’d say this was right.

9. Facebook credits expand beyond facebook

So aside from being able to buy Facebook credits in Target and CVS, you really can’t use them outside of Facebook. So I’d say this was wrong. I truly expected them to try to be the wallet of the social world.

10. Google reboots android marketplace.
This they definitely did. So did Amazon by introducing their own app store. So another hit for me.

Final tally, depends on how you count some of these, but I’d say I’m close to 60% correct on these.

What do you think will happen in 2012?

2011 Predictions

So every year I try and throw my hat in the ring of amateur prognosticators and posit what is going to happen in tech in the upcoming year. The following are my guesses (some wilder than others) as to what will happen in 2011.

1. Facebook growth slows, they hit 650M users by 4th quarter of 2011.
They’ve been growing so fast, that unless they get major inroads in India, Russia, Brazil, and China, they are not going to be able to sustain that growth. BRIC is the key to fb growth in 2011. I’d expect them to be able to get another 50-75M users from all the other countries out there, but to get that extra 75M they have to come from those 4 countries.
Likelihood: Very Likely

2. WordPress ecosystem grows up
Automattic is sitting on a potential gold mine of revenue from the ecosystem surrounding their tools. With 25M wordpress.com blogs, and another 25M installs of wordpress self-hosted elsewhere, you’re talking 50M+ users out there (though many users likely have multiple blogs, and many are inactive). The marketplace for tools has already proven itself through premium theme sites like woothemes (which pulled in $4M+ in 2010). We’ll see many services and shops spring up to try to cater to this market as wordpress becomes a more commonly used Content Management System. To control this marketplace though, Automattic will need to get people to buy stuff and process the transactions ala Apple. Back of napkin math tells me $50-75M in ecosystem revenue this year.
Likelihood: Very Likely

3. The first Youtube millionaire emerges
There are tons of youtubers out there who are generating TONS of views on their videos and making decent coin from the YT revenue sharing. However I can see someone finding the correct balance of product placement, ad sharing, and quality content that gets them the 100-200M views they need to get close to grossing 7 figures from their YT channels. (I also don’t think it will be iJustine)
Likelihood: tossup

4. Apple’s Mac App Store does $1B in gross sales in first year
Assuming the average app price will be in the $15 range, we’re looking at 70M apps downloaded and installed. I feel adoption of this might be slower than we think, mainly due to OS fragmentation, and lots of people running old versions of OSX, especially if Snow Leopard is required to use the store.
Likelihood: Bet money on this one

5. Apple gives away Lion for free or less than $30
Why give away Lion? Well chances are the Mac App Store would work best on Lion (most iOS like experience). This would also entice lots of users to upgrade as well.
Likelihood: Very likely

6. Twitter hits 200M users.
They’ve been hovering around the 150M range for a while it seems. I can see them hitting 200M if they introduce a chinese partnership of some sort, but kids don’t care for it, and I don’t see that changing.
Likelihood: Very likely

7. Fox sells off Myspace for LESS than it bought it for
Not the colossal loss that AOL took on Bebo, but it will be significantly less than the billions they thought they were going to cash out of it. Wouldn’t be surprised if one of their former executives who has raised tons of $ for their buyout firms gets involved. (not entirely sold on this one though)
Likelihood: Long shot – not sure if they are willing to take the ego hit.

8. Groupon goes on a buying binge & hits $3B in gross sales.
The sales figure is going to be hard to verify as they are still private. Rumors were they were close to an annual $2B run rate in late 2010, so $3B seems feasible in 2011. How do they get there? Buying their way into new markets, snatching up lots of little competitors cheaply.
Likelihood: VERY likely

9. Facebook credits expand beyond facebook
Think about it. They become a socially backed wallet with 150M mobile devices already in use. Why not let people buy merchandise w/credits? Bump credits to a friend? No one else has that same reach on so many mobile devices in the US/CA/EU.
Likelihood: Better than 50% chance.

10. Google reboots android marketplace
Google is going to need to reboot the marketplace to improve the ui, experience, and filter out spam more. Look for this around Q2 2011. We’ll also see the quality apps start earning more money from their app purchases. Android apps won’t be as profitable as iOS apps until late (q4) 2011 or early 2012 though. Look for this marketplace reboot right before iphone 4S or iphone 5 comes out next june.
Likelihood: Better than 50% chance.

So what do you think will happen in 2011?

2010 Predictions Recap

As seems to be my annual tradition, I’m doing a recap of all my predictions I made a year ago. So here they are. If you’re curious here are my 2009 predictions (recap), 2008 , 2007 (recap), and 2006. So far I’m beating the house I’d say, some of these things I predicted in 2008 occurred in 2009, others from 2009 didn’t hit til 2010. But my guess is I’m hovering around 75% accuracy over the last 3 years or so.

1. Facebook hits 500M users by Q3 2010.
Dead on with this one. Exactly in september they announced 500M users. Booya. A+

2. Facebook makes a huuuge mobile push
They did get on every platform, and make strides to emphasize mobile tools (like locations) but still fell short of what I’d hoped (fb platform mobile). A-

3. Facebook acquires Foursquare or Brightkite
Brightkite did get acquired, though not by fb, but fb built their own location based tools. so i would get a C+

4. Hulu emphasizes the social layer to tv watching.
Meh, they added facebook connect, but failed to do much else other than go mobile. C-

5. MySpace has a major overhaul
Yup. A. would have been A+ had anyone still cared about Myspace.

6. Someone will finally make it easy for small businesses to get online
Squarespace did some stuff, network solutions did some stuff, but nothing exciting happened here yet. C’mon people this is a BILLION $ business waiting to be built. Though you could argue facebook pages are the answer to this. C

7. Social gaming companies evolve out of facebook.com
Yup, Zynga powered this, they are now on iOS, Yahoo, MSN, and their own domains. A

8. Electronic Arts “socializes” some of their top games
EA bought playfish, and brought some of their games to fb. Still not what I would have expected (where the eff is simcity as a competitor to yoville by zynga?) B+

9. Physical P2P credit card transactions/money transfers don’t take off
Nothing mainstream has happened yet, none of my non-tech friends have asked to bump me money or square me away. So unfortunately for that industry I’m right.

10. Twitter undergoes a major re-org design wise.
Super correct on this one. A+. This happened over the summer if I recall correctly.

Overall grade 75% which if you were a betting man, would mean you just beat the house.

Coming soon, 2011 predictions.

10 Predictions for 2010

Continuing in this 4 or 5 year tradition now, I am going to put out my list of top ten things I think or hope will happen in 2010. This is largely about tech, so I’m not going to predict whether or not we will find Osama bin laden (doubtful), or the economy will rebound (eh, we’ll see). So if you want to see my relatively good track record so far, just browse the predictions category.

1. Facebook hits 500M users by Q3 2010.
So this wouldn’t have been so tough had I just said in 2010, I added some difficulty to this bet to make it more challenging. Consider this: Facebook passed 350M users in Dec 09, and was at 175M in february 09. So they doubled in just under 10 months. My proposal is to grow by only 50% in the next 9 months. Though in my opinion this growth is going to be much tougher than the last 150M were. As the total numbers of likely users to pool from are limited. unless…

2. Facebook makes a huuuge mobile push
Using facebook really requires a computer of some significant sophistication. There are about a billion users out there who are not ready to access facebook on a daily basis via a pc, but they do have mobile phones. If they get this recipe right, they could explode in emerging markets. They already have many of the local languages down, so think facebook super lite. In existing markets I see them pushing more location awareness, and geo-location. they might do this via….

3. Facebook acquires Foursquare or Brightkite
Why not Gowalla? Well facebook LUVS ex-google engineering talent, so this makes sense to me. This will give them a team or two of sharp mobile savvy location savvy engineers. Brightkite might be the cheaper option right now from a PR perspective (less “hot”) but Foursquare might be cheaper from an investor standpoint (less $ has been poured in).

4. Hulu emphasizes the social layer to tv watching.
In Act 1 Hulu showed us that content is really key, and that they can make a fair amount from streaming videos to lots of eager people. In round 2 I see a big big big facebook connect integration effort to enable better conversations around the social objects that are tv shows and movies. They also start using this expanded user data to fine tune the ads we see coupled with better video discovery software (your friends liked Cheers, so you may like Frasier, etc.)

5. MySpace has a major overhaul
I think this is probably underway, but we have no idea how radical the overhaul is going to be. One rumor floated on techcrunch was they were going to adopt facebook connect, which would be a super freaking bold move by CEO Owen Van Natta (former FB guy). Lets say they do discard their own social graph data as its largely nonsense (like twitter’s graph data will also turn out to be). So if Myspace decides to leverage facebook’s graph, it is going to cannibalize some of its “value” initially and traffic/users (“why should i login to myspace if its just suggesting existing fb friends??”) so they are going to take a big gamble on being an “entertainment” destination. Hi5 is trying to do this right now w/casual games, not sure if its working. I see this one ending poorly. Traffic will be down substantially by year end, revenue per pageview will be up a ton, but not enough to offset the traffic crash.

6. Someone will finally make it easy for small businesses to get online
Its 2009 and it is still tough for mom&pop stores to get connected to the web. So I see someone building a single simple point and click platform all web based to setup a true end to end online presence. Joe Shmoe’s cafe will be able to get a domain, simple to update website (or blog or both), setup a facebook page, a twitter account, watch simple steps on how to manage them all (through this control panel), and possibly setup a basic e-commerce store. This business with the right partners (lots of portals could get revshare deals out of this), enough traffic fast, and good sales and especially support, could be a $250M business in under 18 months. Will take a lot of capital to get this going. – Turns out I made the same prediction last year, and no one has done it. This time I am expanding the prediction. -

7. Social gaming companies evolve out of facebook.com
Zynga, SGN, and playfish all grow their sites out of their games and take a big % of the top 50 US web properties. My guess, amongst the top FB game makers they can grab 10-15 of the top 50 slots this year, in 1 year. Zynga is pushing over 100M active users (not sure how many are duplicates) across its games inside of facebook, my guess is they can average 50M monthly active outside of FB by year end (using connect).

8. Electronic Arts “socializes” some of their top games
I think a version of the Sims for facebook would CRUSH IT. Totally kill it. They could get there fast by acquiring the guys from Outsmart Labs in New Zealand who built Small Worlds and building on their engine. If they are smart, they snag the engineering team up quick, and get it out there in 6 months.

9. Physical P2P credit card transactions/money transfers don’t take off
Square and others have a long way to go before making it mainstream. If they can pull off making deals with every street vendor in america, sure, then they will be widespread, but not mainstream. They are still a long way away from being some attachment everyone carries with them on a daily basis. At least 18 months before that happens. I see paypal acquiring them first.

10. Twitter undergoes a major re-org design wise.
With the addition of lists, and the emphasis coming on applications interfacing with twitter. Could we see them making themselves more like facebook? At least in terms of UI and the fact that we will need more fine tuned controls in twitter, it strikes me as something they have to be working on. The question then becomes do they want to be the destination for interfacing, or do they want to simply be the backbone for this communication.

2009 Predictions Wrapup

So we have a few days left in 2009, but really, I doubt my results change much between now and then. So in may I published my predictions from January, they were 9 total.

So here are my predictions from last year and my “grade” for each.

1. People start building businesses.
So I posited that people would eschew crazy business plans and lean more towards the sensible cash-flow businesses. Not sure if this actually started happening or not. The economic turmoils of the world have put a damper on new hyped up companies, and the ones that did get hyped up really weren’t game changing from a business model perspective. We did see a shift to getting people to pay for things more, which I see as a positive thing.
Grade: N/A

2. Community APIs take another leap forward
Last year I posited FB connect, and others would get big adoptions. So I think I was dead on with this one. Though I’ve been espousing the use of community APIs for years. So I am gonna give myself an A- (friend connect and open social are both struggling IMO)

3. The portability of the social graph gets that much closer
So I posited that things like DiSo, APML, and FOAF would get big boosts. That didn’t happens so much, but the major networks did open a bit, and OpenID had a great year, so for this, I’m gonna give myself a B.

4. Small businesses come onto the web even more
If you count Twitter, then sure, tons of them signed up for twitter and facebook fan pages. Then promptly stopped updating them… I still think someone can come up w/a good solution. A-

5. Companies will adopt social media in new ways
I think this was proven as we saw more and more creative uses of facebook fan pages, applications, twitter contests, blog contests, etc. So even though this was an easy guess to make, I’m gonna give myself an A.

6. Mobile payment and micropayments will go mainstream this year
Oooh. So micropayments and mobile payments didn’t technically go mainstream yet. But we did see a large increase in small purchasing thanks to facebook and the social gaming arena. So this is a draw, since it took most of the year to prime the community for accepting micropayments. Grade C

7. Small is the new big
I posited that small projects would sprout up everywhere. I think thanks to twitter’s API (and the many copycat APIs today) that we do have tons of simple sites built around these things in short periods of time. So Grade A+

8. Twitter/micro-content hits mainstream.
Twitter is now being used in TV shows. ‘Nuff said. A+

9. Social networks will start talking to each other
Well lots of social networks are using facebook connect, and more and more are supporting data portability. So I’ll say A-. Would have been A+ if Hi5, orkut, or Myspace had adopted FB Connect.

Stay tuned, my 2010 predictions are already written and should go up next week.

2009 Predictions

[Note I wrote this in early January, and forgot to publish it]

This is the 4th year in a row I do this, and so far am a bit ahead on the predictions (each year slightly better than the previous, so pay attention this time), so I figure I might as well keep up the tradition.

Lets reflect on the past year so i can then jump to next year’s predictions.  So what has changed? The economy as a whole sucks, the capital markets suck, budgets are shrinking, and exits are vanishing.

So that was depressing, but what can we look forward to in 2009?

1. People start building businesses.
The idea of cash-flow positive businesses comes back into favor. People realize that it isn’t such a bad thing to build a web business that generates money and can support itself.  Realistically the exits we had grown infatuated with are now long gone, and not coming back for a while.  The ipo market is shot, and the traditional buyers (big web1.0 survivors) are scrambling to shore up their capital reserves.

2. Community APIs take another leap forward
Facebook connect, google friend connect, open social connect (purely theoretical), etc. all take major leaps in terms of adoption and functionality.

3. The portability of the social graph gets that much closer
Projects like DiSo and APML and FOAF take us one step closer, but really not until late in the year do we see much emerge from this (from an adoption/usability standpoint).

4. Small businesses come onto the web even more
There are MILLIONS of businesses out there that don’t have websites yet. This year whoever can build them cheap, cost effective, turn key systems for managing this will make a killing.  Synthasite is one to look at, but their offering won’t be able to convert mom & pop diner into mompopdiner.com yet.

5. Companies will adopt social media in new ways
Companies that were starting to adopt it in 2008 will start experimenting, and we’ll se a lot of brands connecting effectively with their fans.  My idea of carving a community out of an existing community will become more important.

6. Mobile payment and micropayments will go mainstream this year
The costs will have to come down for them to be realistically mainstream, but virtual goods will pave the way. Look to Visa to make an effort in this space to find new streams of revenue as consumer spending tightens a bit.

7. Small is the new big
Quick one weekend projects will emerge in force this year.  Open APIs and cheap infrastructure will make it super easy for someone to release a project every month. These projects won’t be huge money makers, but will grow like weeds. Twitter is going to benefit from this eco-system the most.

8. Twitter/micro-content hits mainstream.
When you start seeing main street people redoing their business cards to include their twitter and other micro content addresses, then you know its come of age. SXSW will give twitter a huge boost, again, but look to celebrities to push it from 4Million users to 20M users this year.

9. Social networks will start talking to each other
Look to see the 4-10th place networks to start sharing data and traffic between each other in an effort to compete with Facebook and Myspace (who will become the #2 this quarter).  Maybe we’ll see an adaptation to make Opensocial work with Facebook platform (Dan Lester was working on this a year ago via OpenSocket project).

2008 Predictions

Around this time last year I posted my predictions for 2007, and in the process tagged a few folks to do the same. This year after reviewing my predictions, I’ve decided to reformat the way my predictions for 2008 are proposed. On one hand I want them to be more accesible, I also want to be able to expand upon them a bit more. So without further ado, here is the basics of what I think is going to happen in 2008.

  1. Measurement will explode. Analytics of sites, communities, behaviors, patterns, relationships, and activities will reach everyone and everywhere. The amount of data to be crunched and processed will be immense. The companies with the ability to relate the data and crunch it effectively and efficiently will be in a great position.
  2. Social networks will continue to evolve. If you thought a lot of people’s attention was consumed by SocNets in 2007, you haven’t seen anything yet.
    1. Portability of your social graph and identity will emerge in LATE 08, not earlier. It won’t be driven by the major sites, but by the ecosystem (app developers, ad networks, etc.)
    2. OpenID in its current incarnation won’t be widely used. It WILL be widely supported though by the third quarter. Its still too geeky for average users.
    3. Ecosystem around Facebook will break $100 Million in revenue for the year. This is money the apps hooked into FB will generate.
    4. Ecosystem for apps hooked into MySpace will be big, but RPM on these pages will hover around 10% of facebook apps (data is poor, connections poor, and closeknit nature of the myspace graph will slow app growth here).
    5. OpenSocial Economy will be higher than myspace on a RPM, but significantly lower than Facebook. Reasons being: weaker connections (spam), inactivity rates of users, fewer US based customers.
    6. Combined the SocialApp Economy will push 200+Million. App installs will break a billion.
  3. Social Networking Application Platforms will mature. As will the apps on them.
  4. Communication streams will be evolving. Think of everyone having a personal activity RSS feed that everyone can integrate with. Activity feed and news feed for individuals = same thing.
  5. Twitter will grow over a million active. The ecosystem here is what’s interesting. Twitter itself will provide white label tools for businesses, interesting marketing opportunities, and grow its revenue substantially. They will announce profitability at the END of 2008, when they are bought by Yahoo or Microsoft. AOL could be a sleeper pairing too.
    1. Twitter’s ecosystem will support a handful of companies financially. People who make smart moves out of the SMS tools and the social graph tools.
  6. White label SocNet software will come out that supports FBML or OpenSocial out of the box. Think wordpress for social networks (Elgg is only one I know of). Maybe Ning will open source itself completely.
  7. Social Ads will evolve. Beacon was scary at first, but once its opt-in, and sites all over can participate, they will explode. Beacon like services will also be all over the place. Lookery is a great example. Scott Rafer is a very clever guy, don’t know him personally, but he seems to be keen on putting the pieces of this social graph together. (Compete, MyBlogLog, Lookery) (Hey Scott, shoot me an email, we should talk :-) ).
  8. Google will buy about 8 or 9 companies. Microsoft 6. Yahoo 4. AOL 4. IAC 3.
    1. We will see some amazing stuff from these companies past purchases finally piecing together. One thing we’ll see is the emergence of Yahoo, Microsoft, and AOL fighting like crazy to dominate behavioral targeting of advertising. Combined the three amigos there have activity profiles on hundreds of millions of people. Look to Fox to try and partner with one of them to monetize MySpace/foxbusines/foxsports/etc. better.
  9. The way we look at interactions on the web will change. Networking will also change (keep an eye on LinkedIn, I see them evolving their business model to provide more services and value with their data, they have the worlds best resume/work history data of anyone). APML is worth watching too.
  10. I expect to see a new term emerge for what would be Web 3.0. If web 1.0 was the connections between documents (hyperlinks), web2.0 the facilitation of users creating those documents, then web 3.0 will be the connections between people. SocialWeb sounds simple and decent for this evolutionary phase.

What do you think?